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What is CV? Distinguishing between CV, resume, and cover letter

What is a job application CV?

In definition, a CV is a detailed summary of personal information related to name, work experience, professional qualifications, and skills related to the field that the applicant is applying for. Simply put, a CV is an essential document in a job application. Employers will rely on the information provided to conduct a brief evaluation of the applicant or even choose a suitable candidate for the position being advertised.

Some concepts related to CV

What is the title of your CV?

Due to the digitization of the recruitment process in corporations and companies, nowadays employers require candidates to submit their CVs via email. Therefore, the concept of the CV title can be understood as the file name of the CV or the subject line of the email containing the CV.

What is a CV Builder?

CV builder is an English term, which is roughly translated as a tool for creating CVs. In Vietnam and around the world, many online tools and websites make it easy to create a CV. One of them is CVHay.vn, which is part of the CareerViet ecosystem, offering many professional designs that are suitable for a variety of industries.

What is an online CV?

CV Online is also known as an Online Resume. The use of online CV templates is increasingly popular because it allows job seekers to quickly create a CV by simply connecting to the internet and using a device. Online CV templates have many advantages, including being easy to create, having many beautiful templates, and being convenient to send via email.

The different between resume, cover letter and CV

CV and resume They are often used interchangeably in some countries. For new graduates or those preparing to work in a multinational environment, they may confuse these concepts. The table below summarizes and differentiates the three concepts of resume, cover letter, and CV.

Current forms of CV

Currently, there are two types of job application CVs that candidates can choose to submit to employers: hard copy (printed) CVs and soft copy (digital) CVs. So what are the differences between these two types of CVs? And when should we use a hard copy or a soft copy CV?

What is hard file CV?

Hard file CV is a printed version of a CV on A4 paper, often used by job seekers to bring to an in-person interview with the employer to demonstrate professionalism and attention to detail. A hard file CV is an essential part of a job application package if the employer requires you to submit a hard copy application directly to the company.

What is soft file CV?

soft file CValso known as an online CV, is a job application document that is created using computer software. You can create your digital CV using programs such as Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel, or by using a standard CV template provided by career websites such as CareerViet. Your CV can be saved as either a Word or PDF file. Digital CVs are often used when applying for online job postings. Job seekers can submit their CVs to potential employers through job search platforms.

What does a job application CV include?

Job application CV title

For CV templates in soft copy, the title of the CV plays a very important role, which many candidates often overlook. It will help you make a good first impression on the employer. When creating a CV, candidates need to know how to title the CV to demonstrate their professionalism. With the large volume of resumes that employers receive every day, the title is a way to help them easily identify your job application.

The title of a job application is usually written in the following structure: CV - Candidate's full name - Position applied for.

Personal information of the candidate

A CV serves as a summary of the basic information of the candidate, so applicants should not introduce themselves too extensively in this section. Instead, focus on describing your work experiences and skills, as these are the things that employers are interested in. Therefore, you only need to list basic personal information such as

• Fullname: Use your real name and write it in all caps to create emphasis, avoid using nicknames
• Date of Birth: Using the date of birth as stated in personal identification documents.
• Email Address: Choosing a professional email address is important. Ideally, it should include the candidate's name.
• Phone number: using your current phone number to easily contact by employers
• Link social network pageof yours so that employer wants to connect or learn more about you, you can provide your social media handles such as Facebook, Instagram,...
• Current Place: The exact address of the place where you currently reside

Career Objective in CV

Objective This will show the employer your desire for the position you are applying for and also your future aspirations. Divide it into: short term and long term. However, it is important to note that the objective set must be practical, suitable for your abilities and development orientation. You should not set a goal that is too low as it may make the employer feel that you lack determination, but at the same time, do not set a goal that is too high as it may be evaluated as a person who is unrealistic or idealistic.

Listing work Experience

In this section, the employer will focus on the work experience in your CV that is related to the position you are applying for. This shows the candidate will quickly adapt to the job and work environment. If you are a student or have no prior work experience, don't hesitate to list the part-time jobs you have had while in school or the clubs, teams, or groups you have participated in that are related to the position you are applying for. This will also be a plus point for you in the eyes of the employer. And don't forget to research thoroughly the position you are applying for so that the employer can see that you are an enthusiastic, willing-to-learn, and work person.

Education level

Candidates should provide information related to their academic qualifications, including the degree, school, major, and graduation year. It's also important to include the grade point average (GPA). In addition, if applicable, candidates can also list any additional certificates or external courses they have taken to enhance their skills and knowledge.

Listing skills in CV

The skills that candidates should list in their job application CV to make their profile more perfect in the eyes of employers include:

• Teamworks
• Leader skills
• Communication skills
• Problem solving skills
• Presentation skills
• Time management skills
• critical thinking skills.
• Microsoft Office skills.
• Foreign language skills

Focus on the skills that are highly relevant to the position you are applying for. Note that skills should be stated truthfully to avoid disappointment for the employer after being hired.

Extracurricular activities, certificates, scholarships, and awards (if any)

In this section, candidates should list relevant certificates related to the job, such as language certificates, awards received during their student years, or achievements during their work experience. These will be big plus points in your CV.

Strengths and weaknesses

Strengths and weaknesses in a CV can help employers assess your personality and abilities more accurately. So how should you present your strengths and weaknesses to avoid losing points with the hiring manager?

• Strengths: Write truthfully and accurately, and focus on your strengths that will bring outstanding contributions to the position you are applying for. .
• Weaknesses: State your limitations and propose solutions to improve those weaknesses. This will show that you are a person with the determination and effort to develop yourself.

Adding Hobbies in CV

Hobbies in your CV is not mandatory in a CV. You should not list too many unrelated hobbies in your job application, instead, choose hobbies that show your personality. You can refer to the following questions to select appropriate hobbies to include in your CV:

• What do you do in your free-time?
• What are your passions? How have you pursued those passions?
• What new skills have your hobbies brought you?

In the "Hobbies" section of a CV, candidates should be concise and to the point, avoiding rambling or being unclear.

Writing references in CV

Many recruiters have a need to verify the work experience of candidates with their previous employers, so you should also prepare reference information with the person in charge of you at your previous workplace. If you have never worked before, you can fill in the information of your academic advisor. The information to be listed includes the name, position, place of work, phone number, and email address of the reference person.

Example:

Mr. Nguyen Huu Nguyen - head of department HR

CareerViet Company

Phone number: 0123456789

Top impressive, professional, and suitable CVs for many industries

CVHay - proud to be a famous "free CV builder" in Vietnam

What is CVHay?

CV Hay is a website that provides beautiful, professional, and free CV templates to help users create an impressive CV. In addition, the website also provides tips on how to write a CV, cover letter, interview, and many fields related to job search. CV Hay is designed with a simple and user-friendly interface, allowing users to create their CV in just a few minutes.

How to create a simple and free job application CV using the CVHay tool.

To create a CV on CVHay, you can follow these steps:

• Access CVHay via website https://careerviet.vn/cv-hay.
• Click on the "Sign up" button and enter your personal information to create an account.
• Choose the CV template that you want to use. CV Hay offers various CV templates for you to choose from.
• Enter your personal information and work experience in the corresponding fields. You can also upload your photo and attach any relevant documents. Pictures and attach some necessary document
• Add sections for your education, skills, and certifications.
• You can customize the layout and design of your CV according to your preferences. You can change the color, font, and font size.
• Check and edit your job application CV to ensure it is complete and accurate.
• After completing, you can download your CV in PDF format or directly share the link with the employer.

Guide on how to write a job application CV

How to write a standard English job application CV

• 1. Information personal (Personal details)

Present personal information in English:

Họ và tên	Full name
Ngày tháng năm sinh	Date of birth (Example: 21 Feb 1998)
Địa chỉ	Address
Số điện thoại	Phone number
Thư điện tử	Email
Các trang thông tin trực tuyến, mạng xã hội, blog	Website

• 2. Mục tiêu nghề nghiệp (Career objective)

Find below a sample of a short career objective in English:

“I would like to apply for the position of General Accountant to contribute my energy to the long-term development of the company and become the head of the accounting department in one year”

• 3. Trình độ học vấn, bằng cấp (Education and Qualifications)

Some commonly used vocabulary about educational qualifications and degrees in English CVs.

GPA (Grade point average)	Điểm trung bình
Internship	Thực tập sinh
B.A. (Bachelor of Arts)	Cử nhân
Master	Thạc sĩ
Ph.D/Dr	Tiến sĩ
Professor	Giáo sư
Associate Professor	Phó giáo sư
Academic Rank/Academic title	Học hàm, học vị
Baccalaureate	Tú tài, tốt nghiệp Trung học Phổ thông

• 4. Kinh nghiệm làm việc (Work experience)

Example of Digital Marketing work experience in English :

• Planning and set up advertising campaigns
• Tracking and optimizing advertising campaigns, optimizing bid prices and conversion rate sets CPA, CTR, CPM, CPC,...
• Researching customer objects and the needs of each object to come up with effective marketing plans and campaigns

• 5. Thành tựu, giải thưởng - chứng chỉ (Achievements, prize and certificate)

List the awards and certificates related to the English language such as IELTS, TOEFL, and TOEIC.

• 6. Sở thích (Interests)

Choose hobbies that can help develop yourself and are more relevant to the job you are applying for, such as listening to English music, reading English books, participating in English exchange clubs,...

• 7. Kỹ năng (Skills)

Some vocabulary related to skills in a CV template could include: CV English for you:

Kỹ năng giao tiếp	Communication skills
Kỹ năng sáng tạo	Creative skills
Kỹ năng lập kế hoạch	Planning skills
Kỹ năng làm việc nhóm	Teamwork skill
Kỹ năng giải quyết vấn đề	Problem-solving skills
Kỹ năng quản lý thời gian	Time management skills
Kỹ năng học hỏi	Learning skills
Kỹ năng đàm phán	Negotiation skills
Kỹ năng lãnh đạo	Leadership skills

How to write a standard Japanese resume

• 1. Personal Information: 個人情報

Some information that should be mentioned in a Japanese CV include:

Fullname	名前と苗字. Enter the phonetic transcription of your name in Katakana so that the employer can accurately pronounce your name.
Date of Birth	生年月日. Fill in according to the format used by Japanese people: [Year] 年 [Month] 月[Day]日
Address	住所
Phone number	電話番号
Email	Eメール

• 2. Objective: キャリア目標

Refer to the career objective written in Japanese of IT industry:

“ 経験豊富なソフトウェア開発者として、会社に貢献したいという熱意を持って、私は IT 部門の責任者になるよう努めます。”

• 3. Education, Diploma: 学歴

Some vocabulary about degrees in Japanese:

Average Score	GPA（平均点）
Internship	インターンシップ
Bachelor	学士
Master	修士
Doctor	博士
Professor	教授

• 4. Experience: 職歴

Please summarize your work experience in Japanese when writing your CV. Since the Japanese often discourage candidates from constantly changing jobs, you need to pay attention to giving clear reasons if you have ever quit your job at your old workplace. If you've changed jobs many times, consider removing unrelated jobs from your CV.

• 5. Achievements, Awards - Certificates: 免許・資格・証明書

The three most popular types of Japanese certificates in Vietnam you can list as JLPT, NAT-TEST, or TOP J. List more achievements and awards you have achieved in the process of working and studying to increase impress recruiters.

• 6. Hobbies: 特技・趣味・得意科目

Choose hobbies that bring advantages to the job you are applying for reading books, watching Vietnamese-Japanese bilingual movies, participating in language exchange courses every weekend,...

• 7. Skills: スキル

Present yourself as a suitable candidate for the employer's requirements through the following skills:

Communication skill	コミュニケーションスキル
Creative Skill	クリエイティブスキル
Planning Skill	計画スキル
Teamworks skill	チームワークスキル
Problem solving skill	問題解決スキル
Time management skill	時間管理スキル
Self-learning skill	学習スキル
Negotiate skill	交渉スキル
Leadership skill	リーダーシップスキル

How to write a standard Korean CV

• 1. Personal Information: 개인 정보

Some information to list in a Korean CV is:

Fullname	이름
Date of birth	생년월일
Sex	섹스
Phone number	핸드폰
Email	이메일
Permanent address	영구주소

• 2. Objective: 경력 목표

A sample of career goals in Korean for your reference:

“ 은행권에서 발전하고 일하겠다는 의욕과 열심히 일하고 흡수하는 능력으로 더 많은 지식과 경험을 쌓아 은행에서 좋은 경영자가 되도록 하겠습니다. “

• 3. Education: 학습 과정

When writing a CV to apply for a job in a Korean company, you should use three dashes to summarize information about your education, including university name, study period, and major related to the position. position and cumulative grade point average (GPA). Since Koreans are very interested in the applicant's academic background and education, please write the education section carefully and accurately..

• 4. Experience: 경력사항

In a Korean CV, work experience should be presented in a structured way: company name, time worked there, working position, and specific job content. The presentation of work experience should be easy to understand, clear and coherent. You should avoid including in your CV jobs that you have only been with for a short time of less than 3 months. In addition, it should be noted that do not give work experiences that are not related to the field of application.

• 5. Achievements, Awards - Certificates: 업적, 상금 및 인증서

Korean employers or Korean companies are very interested in their native language proficiency. Types of Korean certificates you can now add to your CV such as Topik, Klat, KLPT

• 6. Hobbie: 관심

Some hobby vocabulary in Korean:

Reading book	책을 읽다
Writing	글쓰기
Listen to music	음악을 듣고
Travelling	여행

• 7. Skills: 기술

Some skills that can be added to a CV are:

Communication skill	의사 소통 능력
Computer skill	컴퓨터 기술을
Presentations skill	프레젠테이션 기술
Critical Thinking skill	분석 기술

View more: The most standard, simple and impressive Chinese CV template 2022

How to write a CV for a recent graduates

• Personal Information

This is the indispensable basic information of every CV, especially for CV for fresh graduates. The personal information that needs to be listed includes full name, date of birth, address, and email, and you can also share additional websites, social media accounts such as Facebook, Instagram, and personal blog so that the employer can understand more about you.

• Objective

If you have no prior work experience, then you should set career goals that align with your main field of study, and from there, outline short-term and long-term goals based on your capabilities. It is important not to set goals that are too low or too high, as this can leave a negative impression on you with potential employers.

• Work experience

If you have never worked in a formal position, then you should list what you have learned from any part-time jobs or internships you have participated in while studying. These are also important things to include in your job application CV.

• Degree, certificate.

This is the quickest way for an employer to get an overall assessment of your level of education and knowledge. For candidates without experience, the average grade or relevant certificates related to the job being applied for are significant advantages in the eyes of the employer.

• Personal hobbies:

Reading books, participating in clubs or groups to exchange professional knowledge, etc., are hobbies that you can list in your job application CV.

How to write a job application CV for internships or students

• Personal Information

As usual, this is the basic information that cannot be missing in every student internship CV. Basic information such as full name, date of birth, address, and email should be written concisely and clearly.

• Academic background

Candidates need to clearly state the name of the university, college, vocational school, or other educational institutions that they have attended or are currently attending. Remember to specify your major so that the employer can evaluate your level of suitability for the job.

• Objective

Usually, during the internship period, students have not yet determined their future development direction. Therefore, when you apply for this job, you only need to share your aspirations to learn, accumulate experience, and learn more about the current job market.

• Degree, Cetificate

Adding relevant degrees and certificates will help you demonstrate that you are well-prepared and equipped with enough theoretical knowledge to start the job quickly and efficiently.

How to write a standard scholarship application CV for studying abroad

• Personal Information

You should provide your full name, date of birth, address, and phone number for contact. If you want, you can also add your personal blog or social media page to your CV to introduce more about yourself. This information will help the employer understand more deeply about your personality and character..

• Academic Background

If you have attended language courses, high-quality education programs, or have been enrolled in international schools, do not forget to include these in your scholarship CV, along with a summary of your educational background: the name of the school, major, and GPA.

• Degree, Cetificate

Adding complete information about certificates and awards that you have achieved during your academic career is an important factor that contributes to the success of your scholarship application CV. Therefore, pay attention to filling in this information in detail to make your CV more valuable and outstanding.

• Experience

It's important to mention any part-time jobs or internships you have had at organizations or businesses in your CV. While knowledge is important, the skills and experiences you have gained outside of school are a huge plus in a scholarship application for studying abroad.

• Hobbies

Yes, mentioning your hobbies and interests can also be a good addition to your CV for a scholarship application. It shows some of your personality and can help you stand out from other applicants. However, it's important to ensure your hobbies and interests are relevant and appropriate for the scholarship you're applying for.

• Skills

Choose skills that will help you in the development process for the position you have chosen. Some important skills that every candidate needs to improve on are teamwork skills, problem-solving skills, and listening skills.,...

Common mistakes to avoid when writing a job application CV

Spelling errors

This should be completely avoided. When writing a job application CV, special attention should be paid to spelling, if spelled incorrectly, the employer will see that you are not careful and not focused on the position you are applying for. After completing the job application CV, it is best to take the time to read it again in its entirety to avoid any mistakes.

Using the same CV for multiple job positions

When applying for a new job, it is important to research the position thoroughly and highlight relevant strengths and experiences. Remember that each job has its specific requirements and characteristics. Therefore, to demonstrate professionalism and attention to detail, you should prepare a tailored CV for each new position you apply for. This will help you to connect and be more friendly with the recruiter and demonstrate to them that you have done your research on the job and are well prepared for the application process.

Listing too many hobbies

Choose hobbies that showcase your unique personality and also have a meaningful impact on your personal growth and development. For hobbies such as watching TV or listening to music, it may not be appropriate to include them in your CV.

Complicated CV layout, too many fonts, and colors

That's correct! When it comes to creating a professional CV, it's best to stick to no more than 2 common and easy-to-read font types such as Times New Roman, Arial, etc. Choosing the color scheme for your CV is also important, and it's best to avoid using too many bright colors.

Dishonesty in Skills and work experience

Only list the skills and experiences that you possess. Employers will have many ways to determine whether what you've listed in your CV is true or not. So don't try to fool them, as it will leave a bad impression of yourself to others..

View more: Words to avoid when writing your CV

How to send CV via email

Notes when preparing CV

Prepare a complete soft copy CV in your computer

Name the CV file using the format CV - Full name of candidate - Position applied for, so that the recruiter will not confuse your CV with anyone else's.

Sending your CV in PDF format is a good choice as it minimizes the risk of font errors due to incompatible devices and keeps the file size within a reasonable range of 1-2MB.

Things to consider when writing an email to a recruiter

• Your email address: Make sure you have a professional and serious email address, preferably in the format of hovaten@gmail.com. Avoid using email addresses with inappropriate meanings to ensure a professional impression with the employer.
• Profile picture of your email: You should use a clear personal photo, which is also a first impression that recruiters have of you.
• Email subject: The email subject should clearly state the purpose of the email, for example: "Application for Marketing Intern position at ABC Company - Tran Van B".".
• Email content: Begin the email with a polite greeting, such as "Dear ABC Company". The content of the email should be like a self-introduction or cover letter to help the employer understand your identity and reason for applying. At the end of the email, don't forget to express your gratitude for taking the time to read your email.
• Presentation: The content layout should be clear, complete, and easy to read. It is advisable to use bold to highlight important points to help recruiters easily access the content..
• Attachment of documents: In addition to your resume and CV, you should attach any documents that the company requires, such as a list of tasks, a test trial, a transcript of academic achievement... to increase your chances of being selected.

Common questions when making a job application CV

How long should a CV be?